History | The Jews in Mecklenburg

By Gramenz, Jürgen / Ulmer, Sylvia (created: Sep 20, 2015)

Jewish First Settlement in Mecklenburg 1260-1492↑

First Settlement Krakow Host Desecration 1325 Guestrow Host Desecration 1330 Sternberg Host Desecration

1260Jews in Wismar (according to a note in the Wismar town book)
14. April 1266Mentions of Jews in Wismar (Wismar charter)
1267Jews in Boizenburg (Elbe)
1267possibly first mention of Jews in Parchim
1270Pogrom in Wismar
1279Jewish burial ground in Rostock
29. September 1279Expulsion of Jews from Wismar
1290Expulsion of Jews from Wismar
1310Jews in Wismar
1324Jews in Schwerin
1323/25Pogrom in Krakow am See: host desecration trial, several Jews broken on the wheel at the Joernberg
1330Pogrom in Guestrow: burning of 23 Guestrow Jews and destruction of the synagogue
1337Restriction of Jewish residents in Wismar by princely decree
1340-1350Evidence of Jews in Rostock
1341Evidence of Jews in Schwerin, Rostock and Wismar
1350Jews in Friedland
1350Council decree in Wismar that Jews may trade at annual fairs but are no longer permitted to reside permanently in the city
1350Expulsion of Jews from Wismar and Rostock
1350Jews in Malchin
19. Mai 1350Ritual slaughter regulations for the Jews of Malchin
1364Jews in Parchim
1378Jews in Malchin
1440Jews in Neubrandenburg
24. Oktober 1492Pogrom in Sternberg: host desecration trial, burning of 27 Jews at the Judenberg, expulsion of all Jews from Mecklenburg and thus the end of Jewish life in Mecklenburg

Resettlement in Mecklenburg from the 17th Century↑

Jewish Resettlement Protected Jews Typical Occupations LGGEV Jewish Territorial Assemblies Emancipation Edict Adoption of Family Names Hep-Hep Riots Community Ordinances Migration and Emigration Contribution to Military Service Jewish War Participants

um 1658Jewish court agents in Schwerin
um 1679Resettlement of Jews in Mecklenburg (according to Tychsen, court agents Hagen and Benedix in Schwerin)
um 1700Jews and Jewish burial ground in Roebel (Mueritz)
1701Court Jews in Mecklenburg-Strelitz
1704Settlement permit for the first court Jews in Strelitz granted by Duke Adolf Friedrich II
1717Establishment of the Jewish cemetery in Schwerin
1728Jewish burial ground in Strelitz
1730approximately 330 Jewish families living in Mecklenburg
um 1730Jews in Rossow
um 1736first protected Jews in Waren (Mueritz)
1738first court Jews in Buetzow
um 1739first protected Jews in Crivitz
1742possibly first settlement of Jews in Ribnitz
1744Settlement of two protected Jews in Rehna
um 1745first protected Jews in Fuerstenberg (Havel)
um 1749first protected Jews in Guestrow
1749first protected Jew in Penzlin
um 1750first protected Jew in Bruel
um 1750Jewish burial ground in Penzlin
1752Jewish Parliament in Malchin
um 1753first protected Jews in Plau am See
1754Expulsion of non-licensed Jews from Mecklenburg at the instigation of the towns
1755Landesgrundgesetzlicher Erbvergleich (LGGEV): first legal regulations for Jews, which made them second-class citizens
1756first protected Jews in Parchim
1756first protected Jew in Tessin
27. Januar 1756first Jews in Krakow receive a right of residence
31. März 1757Protected Jews settled in Neukalen
um 1758first protected Jew in Neustadt(-Glewe)
um 1760first protected Jews in Malchow
6. Juni 1760first protected Jews in Neustadt(-Glewe) receive a privilege
18. September 1762Jewish burial ground in Teterow
ab 1763Introduction of a state rabbinate
5. November 1763Inauguration of chief rabbi Jeremias Israel
1763Synagogue in Alt-Strelitz
1764Jewish Parliament in Schwaan
1764first protected Jews in Hagenow
1764Ordinance and statutes for the protected Jews residing in the Ducal Mecklenburg lands
1765two Schwaan Jewish families are settled in Sternberg
1767Jewish Parliament in Crivitz
1773Synagogue in Schwerin
1773Inauguration of chief rabbi Josua Spira
1775Inauguration of chief rabbi Marcus (Mordechai) Lazarus Jaffe
8. März 1781Decree to limit non-licensed or privileged Jews in Mecklenburg-Strelitz
22. Juni 1782first protected Jew in Gadebusch
16. Oktober 1785Decree to restrict protected Jews by Friedrich Franz I
1783first official protected Jew in Sternberg
1799Synagogue in Boizenburg (Elbe)
1810with Mecklenburg's entry into the Confederation of the Rhine, military service becomes compulsory for Jews
22. Februar 1813Promulgation of the Emancipation Edict by Grand Duke Friedrich Franz I: "sovereign constitution for determining an appropriate constitution for the Jewish co-religionists in the ducal lands" of 22 Feb. 1813
1814Inauguration of chief rabbi Josua Falk Albu
1. September 1817Revocation of the Emancipation Edict by Grand Duke Friedrich Franz I under pressure from the estates
1818Settlement of Jews in Demmin
1819Hep-Hep riots in Mecklenburg, some incidents in Schwerin and Guestrow
1825Jewish burial ground in Sternberg
1825first Jewish burial ground in Demmin
1825, 1828, 1830Representatives of the Jewish community, advocate Dr. Aarons and court engraver Meyer Loeser from Guestrow, made a new push for civic equality in 1825; agenda item at the diets of 1828 and 1830
1827isolated grants of civic rights by the towns on the basis of the "circular decree" of 18 August 1827 [Stadtarchiv Rehna, A 6/76, Buergerrecht]
Oktober 1829Admission of the first Jewish lawyer Nathan Aarons in Guestrow
April 1832Admission of the first Jewish lawyer Lewis (Levi) Jacob Marcus in Schwerin
1835Celebrations by the Jewish communities, including Grevesmuehlen, Roebel, Buetzow and Neubukow, on the occasion of the 50th jubilee of the reign of Grand Duke Friedrich Franz I
1836Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin: "Association for the Promotion of Crafts among the Israelite Co-religionists in Mecklenburg", Grand Duke Friedrich Franz I permitted Jews access to all crafts
14. Mai 1839"Statute for the General Ecclesiastical Affairs of the Israelite Subjects in the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin" 1839: the affairs of the Jews regarding ritual and their community life were regulated. Thus the "Israelite State Community" was effectively elevated to the rank of a state church.
Oktober 1840First sovereign confirmation of the Israelite Supreme Council
19. September 1840Inauguration of state rabbi of Mecklenburg-Schwerin Dr. Samuel Holdheim
29. April 1843Promulgation of the synagogue regulations for the synagogues of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
1847Inauguration of state rabbi of Mecklenburg-Schwerin Dr. David Einhorn
1847Second Jewish burial ground in Demmin
18. September 1730Aaron Isaak (engraver and medallist) is born in Treuenbrietzen
4. August 1740Marcus (Mordechai) Lazarus Jaffe (chief rabbi) is born in Berlin
14. Mai 1747Carl Moses Lemelson (paper manufacturer) is born in Glogau
12. August 1767Josua Falk Albu (chief rabbi) is born in Maerkisch-Friedland/Miroslawiec
17. Oktober 1768Israel Jacobson (landowner) is born in Halberstadt
2. April 1772Lippmann Fraenckel (miniature and court painter) is born in Parchim
28. März 1786Marcus Moses (Strelitz physician) dies in Mecklenburg
28. Februar 1789Loeser Cohen (volunteer rifleman and sculptor) is born in Guestrow
7. Juni 1793Ferdinand Carl (Nathan) Loewenhelm (town musician) is born in Bruel
14. Mai 1796Levin Hirsch (Jehuda Leb) Levi (chief rabbi) dies in Stockholm
17. Juni 1800Jacob Abraham (Schwerin medallist) dies in Schwerin
1. Februar 1801Martin Benedikt Simon Ahrens (Grevesmuehlen lawyer) is born in Grevesmuehlen
15. Oktober 1809Friedrich Philippi (Rostock theology professor) is born in Berlin
15. Oktober 1809Lewis Jacob Marcus (Schwerin lawyer and member of parliament) is born in Rehna
10. November 1809David Meyer Einhorn (state rabbi) is born in Diespeck
20. Januar 1810David Assur (Schwerin journalist and writer) is born in Schwerin
8. März 1810Michael Liebmann (general practitioner) is born in Penzlin
27. Juli 1812Isidor (Baruch Isaak) Lipschuetz (state rabbi) is born in Wronke/Wronki
7. November 1813Marcus (Mordechai) Lazarus Jaffe (chief rabbi) dies in Schwerin
19. Januar 1815Levin Emanuel (vice state rabbi) dies in Alt-Strelitz

Napoleonic Wars of Liberation 1813-1815↑

1813-1815At least 27 Jewish participants from 13 Mecklenburg towns, including volunteer rifleman Loeser Cohen from Guestrow, volunteer hussar Heimann Potzernheim from Fuerstenberg, Jacob Salomon from Penzlin, the trumpeter of the third squadron of the mounted rifle regiment Ferdinand Loewenhelm and Simon Liepmann Lichtenstein from Hagenow, Ferdinand Block (Blond Salomon) from Buetzow, Wolf from Rossow, the volunteer mounted rifleman Hirsch Mueller and a man named Bernhard, both from Ribnitz

German Revolution 1848/49↑

ab 1847Liberation from the obligation of recurring protection money payments for Jews
15. März 1847"Most obedient presentation and petition of the Jewish members of the Supreme Council, concerning the relationship of the Jewish creed to civil equality. To the high State Government" of 15 March 1847
März 1848Citizens' assembly on the rampart in Guestrow: demand for complete freedom of conscience and civil equality of all confessions
von 1840 - 1850Sovereign decree of community regulations for the Jewish inhabitants of the Mecklenburg towns
17. Mai 1848"School regulations for the Israelite religious schools in Mecklenburg-Schwerin" come into effect
27. Dezember 1848Promulgation of the "Law concerning the Fundamental Rights of the German People", which was not to take effect in Mecklenburg-Schwerin until March 1849 through the proclaimed Frankfurt Paulskirche Constitution and the corresponding equality law
10. Oktober 1849With the proclamation of the Basic State Law, the estates system in the Grand Duchy was abolished — de facto equality of the Jews, however only until September 1850
14. September 1850"Freienwalder Arbitration Award": the constitution of October 1849 is revoked and the estates restored to their old rights (LGGEV), defeat of the German Revolution
ab 1850Beginning of migration and emigration
23. Juli 1853Inauguration of state rabbi Dr. Baruch Lipschuetz
1854Dissolution of the Jewish community of Rossow
1859Inauguration of state rabbi of Mecklenburg-Schwerin Dr. Salomon Cohn
1859Inauguration of state rabbi of Mecklenburg-Strelitz Dr. Jacob Hamburger
21. März 1859Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Sternberg
21. Oktober 1816Aaron Isaak (engraver and medallist) dies in Stockholm
10. Februar 1818Jacob Jacobsohn (landscape and still life painter) is born in Ludwigslust
12. November 1819Daniel Hendel Sanders (linguist) is born in Strelitz
18. November 1819Abraham (Adolf) Wertheim (Stralsund department store operator) is born in Anklam
29. Mai 1821Josephy (Jachel) Loewenthal (entrepreneur) is born in Sternberg
24. März 1822Salomon Cohn (state rabbi) is born in Zuelz/Biala Prudnicka
14. Juni 1824Emil Jonas (poet, translator and writer) is born in Schwerin
2. Februar 1825Abraham Aaron (Schwerin medallist) dies in Schwerin
10. November 1826Jacob Hamburger (chief and state rabbi) is born in Loslau/Wodzislaw Slaski
13. Juni 1827Gabriel Fabian Feilchenfeld (state rabbi) is born in Schlichtingsheim/Szlichtyngowa
14. September 1828Israel Jacobson (landowner) dies in Berlin
2. November 1829Carl Moses Lemelson (paper manufacturer) dies in Wanzka
18. Juni 1830Moses Engelbert (rabbi) is born in Gudensberg
15. Juli 1830Semmy (Hans) Nord (entrepreneur) is born in Hamburg
18. September 1831Siegfried Samuel Marcus (inventor and mechanic) is born in Malchin
19. Januar 1832Aaron Hirsch (Teterow merchant and banker) dies in Teterow
6. Februar 1832Josua Falk Albu (chief rabbi) dies in Schwerin
12. März 1832Adolf Lasson (Berlin philosopher) is born in Alt-Strelitz
10. Dezember 1832Pineas Liebmann (Copenhagen miniature and portrait painter) dies in Hamburg
19. August 1835Zerline Gabillon (Viennese actress) is born in Guestrow
15. Oktober 1837Leo Koenigsberger (Greifswald mathematician and professor) is born in Posen
20. Juli 1839Julius Cohnheim (Kiel, Breslau and Leipzig pathology professor) is born in Demmin
1. Oktober 1842Leopold Donath (rabbi) is born in Morva-Liessko/Moravske Lieskove
12. Oktober 1842Emil Wilhelm Cohen (geologist and professor) is born in Aakjals
14. Juni 1843Edgar Loening (professor and lawyer) is born in Paris
13. Juni 1845Lion Wolff (Jewish religious official and writer) is born in Emden
19. März 1846Siegmund (Schmul) Bernhard (manufacturer and community leader) is born in Dargun
3. März 1849Leonhard Tietz (Stralsund department store operator) is born in Birnbaum

Franco-Prussian War 1870/71↑

1870/71Jewish participants from Mecklenburg
19. Februar 1850Ernst Bernheim (history professor) is born in Hamburg
2. Juni 1850David Davidsohn (Demmin fire chief) is born in Demmin
2. Februar 1851Abraham Strelitz (Rostock teacher) is born in Gnesen
8. Juli 1851Meyer Cohn (Rostock lawyer, notary, and city councillor) is born in Oppeln/Opole
22. August 1851Victor Ehrenberg (Rostock, Goettingen, and Leipzig law professor) is born in Wolfenbuettel
15. November 1853Felix Loewenthal (Schwerin lawyer) is born in Schwerin
18. Dezember 1853Joseph Herzfeld (Rostock lawyer and politician) is born in Neuss
28. September 1854Emil Cohn (Strasbourg, Rostock, and Freiburg physics professor) is born in Neustrelitz
16. April 1855Carl Laser Ladewig (Berlin city councillor) is born in Crivitz
15. Januar 1857Bernhard (Behr Leibowitz) Sawitz (Rostock cantor and religious teacher) is born in Lithuania
5. Februar 1857Richard Ehrenberg (economist) is born in Wolfenbuettel
11. Februar 1857Georg Wertheim (Berlin department store operator) is born in Stralsund
26. Maerz 1857Lippmann Fraenckel (miniature and court painter) dies in Copenhagen
19. November 1857Carl Johann Cohn (entrepreneur and Hamburg senator) is born in Neustrelitz
13. Januar 1858Oscar Minkowski (Greifswald physician) is born in Aleksotas
25. November 1858Friedrich Ahrens (manufacturer) is born in Grevesmuehlen
17. April 1859Carl Josephy (teacher and writer) is born in Schwaan
4. November 1859Isidor Carl Bernhard (civil engineer) is born in Goldberg
13. Dezember 1859Gustav Burchard (actor, writer, and theatre director) is born in Neubukow
20. April 1860Bernhard Rabinowitz (Rabbino) (rabbi and lawyer) is born in Kaunas/Kowno
22. August 1860Samuel Holdheim (state rabbi) dies in Berlin
15. Maerz 1861Robert Ahrens (Rostock and Neustrelitz physician) is born in Grevesmuehlen
13. Dezember 1861Bruno Joseph (Ribnitz physician) is born in Pyritz, Pomerania
19. Mai 1862Arthur Becker (Neubrandenburg large-scale landowner and politician) is born in Mecklenburg
10. Oktober 1862Henni Lehmann (Berlin writer and painter) is born in Berlin
30. Juni 1863Louis Kychenthal (Schwerin department store owner) is born in Goldberg
15. Oktober 1863Otto Marcus (painter, illustrator, and caricaturist) is born in Malchin
25. Maerz 1865Louis Ladewig (large-scale manufacturer) is born in Malchow
24. Januar 1866Siegfried Silberstein (state rabbi) is born in Gross Lagiewnik/Lagiewniki Wielkie
21. April 1866Ernst Heilmann (Guestrow chemical manufacturer) is born in Berlin
29. Oktober 1866Georg Julius Leopold Engel (Berlin writer, art and theatre critic) is born in Greifswald
15. Juni 1867Joseph Nathan (Krakow am See local poet) is born in Krakow am See
15. August 1867Hermann Reincke-Bloch (Rostock university rector and politician) is born in Berlin
7. Januar 1868Marc (Abraham Mordechai) Lidzbarski (linguist) is born in Plock
26.05.1868Leopold Liebenthal (Wismar physician) is born in Bergen (Ruegen)
25. August 1868Ferdinand Carl (Nathan) Loewenhelm (town musician) dies in Hagenow
20. Oktober 1868Theodor Hausmann (Rostock physician) is born in Grodno
8. November 1868Felix Hausdorff (Greifswald mathematician and professor) is born in Breslau
7. Februar 1869David Assur (Schwerin journalist and writer) dies in Schwerin
28. Mai 1870Fritz Ladewig (Berlin lawyer and notary) is born in Crivitz

Founding of the German Empire, Beginning of Jewish Emancipation around 1871↑

12. Dezember 1866Inauguration of the synagogue in Krakow am See
1867Petition of the Jewish communities of Alt-Strelitz, Neustrelitz, Neubrandenburg, Fuerstenberg and Mirow to the North German Reichstag for equality of Jews
1. November 1867Promulgation of the Law on Freedom of Movement and Freedom of Trade by the North German Confederation: further equality of Jews
3. Juli 1869In the course of establishing imperial unity, in 1869 the Jews in Mecklenburg received almost all civil rights, "Law concerning the Equal Rights of Confessions in Civil and Civic Matters" (promulgated on 3 July 1869, on 22 April 1871 this law was extended to the entire territory of the new German Empire)
1873Synagogue in Grevesmuehlen
ab 1875First attempts at dissolution or merger of smaller Israelite communities by the Israelite Supreme Council and the Department for Ecclesiastical Affairs of the Interior Ministry, but frequently failed due to resistance from community members (e.g. in Sternberg)
Mai 1876Inauguration of state rabbi of Mecklenburg-Schwerin Dr. Fabian Feilchenfeld
11. März 1883Dissolution of the Jewish community of Rehna
15. Mai 1884Dissolution of the Jewish community of Grevesmuehlen
2. Oktober 1889Dissolution of the Jewish community of Neustadt-Glewe and merger with the Parchim community
1895Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Roebel (Mueritz)
21. August 1899Dissolution of the Jewish community of Neukalen
1902Merger of the Jewish community of Wismar with Buetzow
1910Inauguration of state rabbi of Mecklenburg-Schwerin Dr. Siegfried Silberstein (last state rabbi)
30. August 1913Dissolution of the Jewish community of Brueel
27. November 1871Marie (Clara Emilie) Bloch (Rostock pedagogue and kindergarten director) is born in Berlin
17. Juni 1872Richard Siegmann (director of the Rostock tramway) is born in Berlin
20. Juni 1873Loeser Cohen (volunteer rifleman and sculptor) dies in Guestrow
24. November 1874Michael Liebmann (general practitioner) dies in Berlin
27. Februar 1875Julius Asch (trade unionist and politician) is born in Rummelsburg
19. Maerz 1876Rudolf Goldschmidt (Berlin engineer, inventor, and entrepreneur) is born in Neubukow
31. Maerz 1876Max Marcus (Guestrow lawyer and community leader) is born in Guestrow
13. Mai 1876John Bonheim (Schwerin lawyer) is born in Schwerin
28. Mai 1876Leo Glaser (Rostock chemist and entrepreneur) is born in Wuerzburg
19. Dezember 1877Isidor (Baruch Isaak) Lipschuetz (state rabbi) dies in Berlin
10. August 1878Alfred Schlomann (engineer and publicist) is born in Malchow
23. November 1878David Alexander Winter (rabbi) is born in Moenchen-Gladbach
12. Dezember 1878Sally Schlachter (rabbi) is born in Russia
31. Juli 1879Hans Winterstein (Rostock and Breslau physiology professor) is born in Prague
7. August 1879Hermann Haussmann (Stralsund administrative official) is born in Delitzsch
2. November 1879David Meyer Einhorn (state rabbi) dies in New York
21. September 1880Erich Kaufmann (international law professor) is born in Demmin
1. Februar 1881Martin Benedikt Simon Ahrens (Grevesmuehlen lawyer) dies in Grevesmuehlen
17. Mai 1881Georg Hamburger (factory director) is born in Bosatz, Kr. Ratibor
7. Oktober 1881Lewis Jacob Marcus (Schwerin lawyer and member of parliament) dies in Manchester
8. August 1882Josephy (Jachel) Loewenthal (entrepreneur) dies in Schwerin
29. August 1882Friedrich Philippi (Rostock theology professor) dies in Rostock
9. Januar 1883Max Samuel (entrepreneur and Rostock community leader) is born in Argenau
27. Mai 1883Emil Utitz (Rostock philosopher, psychologist, art theorist, and professor) is born in Roztoky
8. Juni 1883Alfred Tietz (Stralsund department store operator) is born in Stralsund
6. August 1883Paul Bernhard (Rostock lawyer) is born in Dargun
15. August 1884Julius Cohnheim (Kiel, Breslau, and Leipzig pathology professor) dies in Leipzig
1. Oktober 1884David Katz (Rostock psychologist and professor) is born in Kassel
19. November 1884Rudolf Ehrenberg (Goettingen psychology professor) is born in Rostock
9. April 1885Rosa Katz (Rostock pedagogue and developmental psychologist) is born in Odessa
3. Juni 1885Max (Israel) Oppen (Guestrow manufacturer) is born in Mannheim
8. September 1885Hans Moral (Rostock dentist and professor) is born in Berlin
2. Dezember 1885Hugo Sawitz (Rostock lawyer and city councillor) is born in Rostock
14. Januar 1886Bruno Gimpel (Dresden painter and graphic artist) is born in Rostock
20. Oktober 1886Arnold Bernhard (manufacturer and community leader) is born in Dargun
13. Januar 1887Hans Lindenberg (Rostock physician) is born in Berlin
26. Februar 1887Edith Lindenberg (Rostock politician) is born in Berlin
29.07.1889Else Hirsch (Bochum teacher) is born in Buetzow
28. November 1889Rudolf Kayser (Berlin literary critic and writer) is born in Parchim
30. Juli 1890Richard Josephy (Rostock lawyer and notary) is born in Schwaan
17. Januar 1891Moses Engelbert (rabbi) dies in Heilbronn
3. Juli 1891Abraham (Adolf) Wertheim (Stralsund department store operator) dies in Seelisberg
8. Dezember 1891Jacob Jacobsohn (landscape and still life painter) dies in Berlin
23. Dezember 1891Eva Fiesel (Etruscologist) is born in Rostock
30. April 1892Zerline Gabillon (Vienna actress) dies in Meran
30. Juni 1893Franz Josephy (Rostock judge) is born in Schwaan
27. November 1893Hedwig Elisabeth von Goetzen (Rostock physician) is born in Mannheim
04.08.1894Gertrud Meier-Ahrens (physician) is born in Doemitz
25. Oktober 1894Wolfgang Jacobi (composer and Munich music professor) is born in Bergen
27. Dezember 1894Karl Lehmann (archaeologist and professor) is born in Rostock
11. März 1897Daniel Hendel Sanders (linguist) dies in Strelitz
1. Juli 1898Siegfried Samuel Marcus (inventor and mechanic) dies in Vienna
8. Januar 1899Edith Josephy (Rostock physician) is born in Posen
24. Januar 1901Roman Cycowski (opera singer and member of the Comedian Harmonists) is born in Tussyn
22. September 1902Salomon Cohn (state rabbi) dies in Breslau/Wroclaw
8. Juni 1904Eric Weil (philosopher and professor) is born in Parchim
13. April 1905Emil Wilhelm Cohen (geologist and professor) dies in Greifswald
28. Juni 1906Carl Josephy (teacher and writer) dies in Zurich
18. Mai 1907Herbert Samuel (entrepreneur and lawyer) is born in Guestrow
16. Februar 1910Gabriel Fabian Feilchenfeld (state rabbi) dies in Schwerin
23. Oktober 1911Jacob Hamburger (chief and state rabbi) dies in Alt-Strelitz
6. Januar 1912Emil Jonas (poet, translator, and writer) dies in Berlin

World War I 1914-1918↑

1914-1918Jewish participants from Mecklenburg, including Hans Wolfsohn from Altstrelitz, Arnold Leopold and Max, Karl and Otto Loewenberg from Waren (Mueritz),
26. April 1914Dissolution of the Jewish community of Bad Suelze
1914Merger of the Jewish community of Fuerstenberg (Havel) with the community of Neubrandenburg)
1916Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Roebel (Mueritz)
12. März 1915Dissolution of the Jewish community of Schwaan and merger with the Rostock community
28. März 1916Dissolution of the Jewish community of Luebz and merger with the Parchim community
12. Mai 1916Dissolution of the Jewish community of Wittenburg and merger with the Schwerin community
7. Juni 1916Dissolution of the Jewish community of Laage and merger with the Rostock community
1917Dissolution of the Jewish community of Penzlin
1917Dissolution of the joint community of Kroepelin and Doberan and merger with the Rostock community
27. Mai 1918Dissolution of the Jewish community of Crivitz and merger with the Schwerin community
5. September 1918Dissolution of the Jewish community of Goldberg and merger with the Guestrow community
15. November 1914Leonhard Tietz (Stralsund department store owner) dies in Cologne
15. September 1915Semmy (Hans) Nord (entrepreneur) dies in Hamburg
2. Dezember 1916Abraham Strelitz (Rostock teacher) dies in Berlin
19. Dezember 1917Adolf Lasson (Berlin philosopher) dies in Berlin

Weimar Republic↑

1918The rule of the knights and estates under the leadership of the grand ducal house comes to an end in terms of the form of government
1918Constituent assembly in Mecklenburg-Strelitz, formation of the Free State
1919Constituent assembly in Mecklenburg-Schwerin, formation of the Free State
1920"Law on the Introduction of the Mecklenburg-Schwerin Constitution with Transitional Provisions" of 17 May 1920, full equality of Jews
1920erDesecrations of Jewish cemeteries
7.-9. April 1920Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Malchow
1920erRenewed merger and dissolution efforts by the Israelite Supreme Council and the Department for Ecclesiastical Affairs of the Interior Ministry, now frequently successful due to shrinking community membership numbers, dissolution of the communities of Doemitz, Crivitz, Plau, Buetzow, Gadebusch, Malchin
1922Dissolution of the Jewish community of Plau am See
April 1922Dissolution of the Jewish community of Buetzow
21. November 1922Dissolution of the Jewish community of Warin and merger with the Schwerin community
10. April 1923Dissolution of the Jewish community of Gnoien
30. Oktober 1923Dissolution of the Jewish community of Gadebusch and merger with the Schwerin community
Mai 1924Desecration of the New Jewish cemetery in Ribnitz
1925Dissolution of the Jewish community of Malchin
1926Relocation of the seat of the Israelite Supreme Council and the State Rabbinate to Rostock
März 1926Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Gnoien
November 1926Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Gnoien
um 1927Dissolution of the Jewish community of Malchow
1. Februar 1932Desecration of the New Jewish cemetery in Ribnitz
19. Februar 1919Edgar Loening (professor and lawyer) dies in Halle
27. August 1921Louis Ladewig (major manufacturer) dies in Gruna near Leipzig
15. Dezember 1921Leo Koenigsberger (Greifswald mathematician and professor) dies in Heidelberg
17. Dezember 1921Richard Ehrenberg (economist) dies in Rostock
10. September 1922Hugo Sawitz (Rostock lawyer and city councillor) dies in Rostock
21. April 1924Yaakov (Alfred Jacques) Zur (Israeli historian and university lecturer) is born in Rostock
30. Juni 1926Carl Laser Ladewig (Berlin city councillor) dies in Baden-Baden
1. November 1927Joseph Nathan (Krakow regional poet) dies in Krakow am See
13. November 1928Marc (Abraham Mordechai) Lidzbarski (linguist) dies in Goettingen
1. Januar 1929Hermann Reincke-Bloch (Rostock university rector and politician) dies in Breslau
10. März 1929Victor Ehrenberg (Rostock, Goettingen, and Leipzig law professor) dies in Goettingen
5. August 1929Felix Loewenthal (Schwerin lawyer) dies in Hamburg
1. Oktober 1930Bernhard (Behr Leibowitz) Sawitz (Rostock cantor and religion teacher) dies in Rostock
18. Juni 1931Oscar Minkowski (Greifswald physician) dies in Fuerstenberg (Havel)
19. Oktober 1931Georg Julius Leopold Engel (Berlin writer, art and theater critic) dies in Berlin
22. April 1932Julius Asch (trade unionist and politician) dies in Rostock

Mecklenburg under National Socialism↑

Sommer 1932Ban on ritual slaughter by the Mecklenburg-Strelitz state parliament
1933At the beginning of the Nazi regime, approximately 1,000 Jews lived in Mecklenburg according to National Socialist definition, in 47 communities
5. März 1933Reichstag elections: first "individual actions" against Jewish citizens
1. April 1933"Boycott of Jews", numerous tradespeople, doctors, lawyers, and "Jewish" businesses were harassed
7. April 1933Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service, removal of all "non-Aryan" civil servants
1933Dissolution of the Jewish community of Krakow am See
ab 1933Jews emigrate or flee into the anonymity of the big cities, especially to Hamburg and Berlin
22. September 1933Reich Chamber of Culture Law: exclusion of Jews as artists or cultural practitioners
1934Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Gnoien
1934Merger of the Israelite State Community of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz into the State Community of Mecklenburg
ab 1934Pastoral care for the state of Mecklenburg by the Luebeck rabbi Dr. David Alexander Winter
ab 1935Expropriations and "Aryanizations" of Jewish businesses, professional bans for lawyers, doctors, teachers, confiscation of radio sets, revocation of motor vehicle driving licenses
1935Dissolution of the Jewish community of Teterow
15. September 1935Crivitz declared itself the first Mecklenburg town 'free of Jews'
15. September 1935Promulgation of the Reich Citizenship Law and the Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honour, the so-called Nuremberg "Race Laws"
Juli 1936Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Parchim
1938Boizenburg (Elbe) declared itself 'free of Jews'
28. März 1938Forced conversion of all Jewish communities from public law corporations to private associations
22. April 1938Decree against the "camouflaging of Jewish businesses"
26. April 1938Decree on the registration of Jewish assets
14. Juni 1938Decree on the registration and marking of Jewish businesses
15. Juni 1938"Anti-social" campaign: arrest of all "previously convicted" Jews, including those charged with traffic offenses and similar
30. September 1938Revocation of the medical licenses of Jewish physicians
5. Oktober 1938Passports of Jews are marked with a red "J"
28. Oktober 1938Expulsion of 17,000 "stateless" Jews from Germany to Poland, including from Mecklenburg
28. Oktober 1938Mirow declared itself 'free of Jews'
9./10. November 1938"Reichskristallnacht"/"Reichspogromnacht":
12. November 1938Goering Conference decides on "atonement payments" by Jews, exclusion from economic life, and ban from cultural events
12. November 1938"Protective custody" for over 26,000 Jewish men, including in Mecklenburg
15. November 1938Exclusion of Jewish children from public schools
28. November 1938Introduction of residential restrictions for Jews
30. November 1938Ban on legal representation by Jewish lawyers
13. Dezember 1938Decree on forced sales, "Aryanization" of Jewish businesses
15. Dezember 1938The city and district of Schoenberg declared itself 'free of Jews'
ab 1. Januar 1939Jews are now forced to carry the additional names "Israel" and "Sara"
ab 1. Januar 1939Introduction of an identity card for Jews
17. Januar 1939Abolition of tenant protection for Jews
Januar 1939Fuerstenberg (Havel) declared itself 'free of Jews'
1939Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Neukalen
1939Dissolution of the Israelite Supreme Council of Mecklenburg, forced establishment of the Northwest Germany District Office of the "Reich Association of Jews in Germany"
Mai 1939Neustadt-Glewe declared itself 'free of Jews'
1940Dissolution of the Jewish community of Hagenow
1940Sternberg declared itself 'free of Jews'
11. Juni 1941Dissolution of the Jewish community of Rostock and its forced incorporation into the Reich Association of Jews in Germany
ab 1. September 1941Jews aged 6 and older are now required under penalty of law to wear a yellow Star of David in public
Februar 1942Ludwigslust declared itself 'free of Jews'
Februar 1942Luebz declared itself 'free of Jews'
Februar 1942Wittenburg declared itself 'free of Jews'
14. Februar 1942Krakow am See declared itself 'free of Jews'
16. Februar 1942Warin declared itself 'free of Jews'
16. Februar 1942Malchow declared itself 'free of Jews'
16. Februar 1942Neubukow declared itself 'free of Jews'
16. Februar 1942Waren (Mueritz) declared itself 'free of Jews'
16. Februar 1942Bruel declared itself 'free of Jews'
10. Juli 1942Deportation of Jews from Guestrow
10. Juli 1942First deportation of Jews from Schwerin
10. Juli 1942First deportation of Jews from Rostock
30. Oktober 1942Neubrandenburg declared itself 'free of Jews'
11. November 1942Deportation of Jews from Schwerin
11. November 1942Deportation of the last Jews from Guestrow
11. November 1942Deportation of Jews from Rostock
12. November 1942Deportation of the Jews from Neustrelitz
12. November 1942Neustrelitz declared itself 'free of Jews'
November 1942Teterow declared itself 'free of Jews'
November 1942Parchim declared itself 'free of Jews'
1942Almost all remaining Jews are deported from Mecklenburg to extermination camps
1945According to National Socialist definitions, approximately 46 Jews still live in Mecklenburg
8. Mai 1945Approximately 75 Mecklenburgers of Jewish religion or descent survive the Holocaust
20. März 1933Arthur Becker (Neubrandenburg large estate owner and politician) dies in Bartmannshagen
6. August 1933Hans Moral (Rostock dentist and professor) dies in Rostock
17. November 1933Georg Hamburger (factory director) dies in Schwerin
24. November 1933Bernhard Rabinowitz (Rabbino) (rabbi and lawyer) dies in Bronx, New York
13. Mai 1934Siegmund (Schmul) Bernhard (manufacturer and community leader) dies in Rostock
10. Juni 1934Bruno Joseph (Ribnitz physician) dies in Ribnitz
20. September 1934Lion Wolff (Jewish religious official and writer) dies in Berlin
8. August 1935Siegfried Silberstein (state rabbi) dies in Rostock
18. Februar 1937Henni Lehmann (Berlin writer and painter) dies in Berlin
30. März 1937Isidor Carl Bernhard (civil engineer) dies in Berlin
27. Mai 1937Eva Fiesel (Etruscologist) dies in New York
25. Dezember 1937Gustav Burchard (actor, writer, and theater director) dies in Berlin
30.11.1938Leopold Liebenthal (Wismar physician) dies in Wismar
27. Juli 1939Joseph Herzfeld (Rostock lawyer and politician) dies in
3. September 1939Max (Israel) Oppen (Guestrow manufacturer) dies in Berlin
31. Dezember 1939Georg Wertheim (Berlin department store owner) dies in Berlin
25. Oktober 1940Friedrich Ahrens (manufacturer) dies in Hamburg
5. Mai 1941Fritz Ladewig (Berlin lawyer and notary) dies in Buenos Aires
4. Juli 1941Alfred Tietz (Stralsund department store owner) dies in Jerusalem
26. Februar 1942John Bonheim (Schwerin lawyer) dies in Litzmannstadt/Lodz
3. März 1942Ernst Bernheim (history professor) dies in Greifswald
2. September 1942Max Samuel (entrepreneur and Rostock community leader) dies in Blackburn
28. April 1943Bruno Gimpel (Dresden painter and graphic artist) dies in Niederpoyritz
6. Juni 1943Louis Kychenthal (Schwerin department store owner) dies in Theresienstadt
17. Oktober 1943Richard Siegmann (head of the Rostock tramway) dies in Theresienstadt
28. Januar 1944Emil Cohn (Strasbourg, Rostock, and Freiburg physics professor) dies in Ringgenberg
11. April 1944Richard Josephy (Rostock lawyer and notary) dies in Rostock
28.04.1944Marie (Clara Emilie) Bloch (Rostock educator and kindergarten director) dies in Theresienstadt
24. September 1944Edith Lindenberg (Rostock politician) dies in Theresienstadt

Mecklenburg during the GDR Era↑

1948Founding of the Jewish State Community in Mecklenburg under Franz Unikower
17. September 1953Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Rostock
1954Dilapidated synagogue in Waren (Mueritz) is demolished
1954/55Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Rostock
Juli 1956Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Rostock
Oktober 1956Community chairman Franz Unikower flees to West Berlin
Januar 1957New community chairman Dr. Hugo Mehler
1959Restoration of the Jewish cemetery in Hagenow
April 1960Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Buetzow
Mai 1961State Rabbi Martin Riesenburger is also responsible for Mecklenburg
September 196117 Jewish cemeteries in the three northern GDR districts were redesigned as memorials
September 1962New community chairman Alfred Scheidemann
1963Restoration of the Jewish cemetery in Neubrandenburg
1964Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Neubrandenburg
Juni 1964Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Feldberg
Mai 1966Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Boizenburg (Elbe)
1970Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Grabow
August 1970Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Rostock
Januar 1973New community chairman Udo Abrahamson
Februar 1974Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Schwerin
März 1974Removal of the Jewish cemetery in Neubrandenburg, private salvaging of the gravestones
September 1980New community chairman Friedrich Broido
1987Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Grabow
November 1988Redesign of the Jewish cemeteries in Buetzow, Luebz, Rostock and Teterow
1989Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Boizenburg (Elbe)
April 1989New community chairman Thomas Barthel
20./21. Januar 1990Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Rostock
9. Mai 1945Robert Ahrens (Rostock and Neustrelitz physician) dies in Stralsund
11. Juli 1945Max Marcus (Guestrow lawyer and community leader) dies in Haifa
5. Dezember 1952Otto Marcus (painter, illustrator, and caricaturist) dies in London
2. Februar 1953David Katz (Rostock psychologist and professor) dies in Stockholm
13. Oktober 1953David Alexander Winter (rabbi) dies in London
2. Juni 1956Emil Utitz (Rostock philosopher, psychologist, art theorist, and professor) dies in Jena
17. Dezember 1960Karl Lehmann (archaeologist and professor) dies in Basel
6. Februar 1963Sally Schlachter (rabbi) dies in Aberdare, Wales
18. August 1963Hans Winterstein (Rostock and Breslau physiology professor) dies in Munich
5. Februar 1964Rudolf Kayser (Berlin literary critic and writer) dies in New York
13. Mai 1969Rudolf Ehrenberg (Goettingen psychology professor) dies in Goettingen
5. November 1972Erich Kaufmann (international law professor) dies in Karlsruhe
15. Dezember 1972Wolfgang Jacobi (composer and Munich music professor) dies in Munich
11. Januar 1974Paul Bernhard (Rostock lawyer) dies in Santiago de Chile
26. März 1976Rosa Katz (Rostock educator and developmental psychologist) dies in Stockholm
31. Juli 1976Hedwig Elisabeth von Goetzen (Rostock physician) dies in Rostock
1. Februar 1977Eric Weil (philosopher and professor) dies in Nice

Mecklenburg after Reunification↑

Oktober 1991Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Boizenburg (Elbe)
April 1992Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Boizenburg (Elbe)
11. April 1995Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Grabow
September 1995Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Rostock
14. September 1995Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Dargun
25. Oktober 1995Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Teterow
9. Oktober 1997Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Boizenburg (Elbe)
17. Januar 1998Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Grabow
9. November 1998Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Neustrelitz
9. November 1998Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Boizenburg (Elbe)
26. August 2000Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Guestrow
10. Februar 2001Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Bruel
31. Januar 2002Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Boizenburg (Elbe)
24. Februar 2002Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Boizenburg (Elbe)
4. März 2002Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Grabow
6. März 2002Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Rostock
15. August 2002Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Roebel (Mueritz)
5. September 2002Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Grevesmuehlen
7. September 2002Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Buetzow
Februar 2004Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Grabow
Dezember 2006Rededication of the Jewish cemetery in Krakow am See
8. November 2007Desecration of the New Jewish cemetery in Ribnitz-Damgarten
15. März 2008Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Neustrelitz
17. Juli 2008Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Guestrow
10. Januar 2009Memorial stone at former synagogue in Teterow destroyed
28. März 2012Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Waren
25. Mai 2012Completion of the renovation of the Jewish cemetery in Kroepelin
26. Juni 2012Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Kroepelin
3. September 2012Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Kroepelin
3. September 2012Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Rostock
27. November 2013Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Krakow am See
25. November 2014Rededication of the Jewish cemetery in Hagenow
27. Januar 2016Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Kroepelin
2. Juni 2016Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Tessin
12. September 2018Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Boizenburg (Elbe)
10. November 2018Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Boizenburg (Elbe)
27. Februar 2022Desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Schwaan
24. Januar 1992Herbert Samuel (entrepreneur and lawyer) dies in Lower Darwen
29. Oktober 2013Yaakov (Alfred Jacques) Zur (Israeli historian and university lecturer) dies in Kibbutz En haNaziw